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Types of Bleeding
Minor traumatic bleeding:
bleeding from small
and superf`icial wounds; the loss of blood is not dangerous
and the bleeding will stop spontaneously; the main risk
is the wound itself dysfunction of the organs involved
and infectionsevere traumatic bleeding: the flow of
blood can soak a paper or cloth hankerchief in a few
seconds; in such a situation, the bleeding will cause
the death of the casualty in a few minutes; bleeding:
the blood flow through a natural orifice, such as the
nose, the ears, the mouth the vagin except for the natural
menstruation the urethra and the anus; the blood comes
from the interior of the body and reveals a hidden trauma
or a disease; nternal bleeding: the blood flows inside
the body; it cannot be seen, but can be suspected by
shock symptoms. Further, bleeding can be categorized
by the type of the damaged blood vessel:
arterial bleeding occurs from arteries, the major blood vessels
which carry oxygen-rich blood from the heart throughout the body.
This type of bleeding is characterized by spurts with each beat
of the heart, is bright red in color although blood darkens when
it meets the air and is usually severe and hard to control. Arterial
bleeding r attention! veinous bleeding occurs from veins, vessels
which return the blood to the heart. Veinous bleeding is characterized
by a steady flow and the blood isdark, almost maroon in shade. Veious
bleeding is easier to control than arterial bleeding. capillary
bleeding occurs from cappilaries, the smallest of our body’s
blood vessels. It is usually slow, oozing in naure and this type
of bleeding usually has a higher risk of infection than other types
of bleeding. It is much easier to control than other types of bleeding.
First aid
Minor traumatic bleeding
The minor traumatic bleeding stops spontaneously, the loss of blood
is not dangerous in itself. But the wound can still endanger the
life of the casualty. See Wound.Severe traumatic bleedingThe general
behaviour is:protect: remove the cause of wound so nobody else gets
hurt, or lead the casualty away and mark out the dangerous area;
when the casualty cannot walk, do not move him unless the danger
is deadly and real; stop the bleeding; let the casualty in the position
he feels comfortable; ask someone to call for help, or do it yourself
if you are alone; describe the general sta casualty alert or unalert,
breathing or not and the wound itself; follow the instructions given
by thetechnique of first aid is to control bleeding through direct
pressure with the hand possibly protected by a plastic bag, a glove
or a piece of stuff it can be replaced when necessary by the application
of a bandage over the wound. When the casualty is concious and alert,
he can press himself on the wound for a short time the time the
bystander makes the protection, get a protection for the hands,
to make a bandageWhen the direct pressure is not possible foreign
body inside the wound, or a broken bone comes outside, or the wound
is too large for the hand), then it is possible to compress the
artery against a bone, between the wound and the heart (see Pressure
point.
In extreme cases of an injured limb, a tourniquet
may be used. If the medical care are delayed the injured limb must
generally be amputated afterwards, just below the level the tourniquet
is applied; this is "losing a limb to save a life". This
risk is very low in the urban environment of a developed country
(the delay before a rescue team arrives is a few minutes after the
call), control. Arterial bleeding r attention! veinous bleeding
occurs from veins, vessels which return the blood to the heart.
Veinous bleeding is characterized by a steady flow and the blood
isdark, almost maroon in shade. Veious bleeding is easier to control
than arterial bleeding. capillary bleeding occurs from cappilariesbut
must be taken into account in wilderness or in countries that do
not have organised prehospital medical services. Some first aid
instruction no longer teaches the use of the tourniquet because
the risk may be greater than the benefit; some other consider that
saving a life is above the rest. However, this should always be
the last choice.
Externalised bleeding
The only minor situation is a spontaneous nosebleed, or a nosebleed
caused by a slight trauma (such as a child putting his finger in
the nose). Just sit down, blow through the bleeding nostril to evacuate
the forming clot (this first clot is usually not efficient), and
press the nostril with a finger, the head bowed downwards, during
ten minutes, the time the clote general behaviour is:protect: remove
the cause of wound so nobody else gets hurt, or lead the casualty
away and mark out the dangerous area; when the casualty cannot walk,
do not move him unless the danger is deadly and real; stop the bleeding;
let the casualty in the position he feels comfortable; ask someone
to call for help, or do it yourself if you are alone; describe the
general sta casualty alert or unalert, breathing or not and the
wound itself; follow the instructions given by thetechnique of first
aid is to control bleeding through direct pressure with the hand
possibly protected by a plastic bag, a glove or a piece of stuff
it can be replaced when necessary by the application of a bandage
over the wou forms correctly (a shorter compression is not efficient).
Consult a doctor when the bleeding does not stop or starts again.Any
other situation (including nosebleed due to a severe nose trauma
or to a head trauma) must be considered as an emergency: place the
person in a comfortable situation (lying or seated), call for help
and follow the instructions.
Internal bleeding
The shock symptoms are not specific to an internal bleeding, but
are always a medical emergency. In such a situation, the role of
a bystander is to lay the person down, and call for help.Risk of
blood contaminationConcerning the direct exposure of the first-aider's
skin to the blood: the skin is watertight, so if the skin is not
wounded skin disease or very recent wound, there is no risk of contamination
by a disease of the casualty. Before any further activity especially
eating, drinking, touching the eyes, the mouth or the nose, the
hand must be carefully and softly washed with clear water, then
bathed five minutes in diluted bleach.However, to avoid any risk,
it is highly recommended to protect the hands, e.g. by a plastic
bag or a cloth, before pressing the wound. If there is nothing to
the hands, watch your hand to be sure it is not wounded, or use
a distant compression of the artery (pressure point with your hand
if you know the anatomic references, or a tourniquet.In case of
blood exposure, even on safe skin, the first-aider should go to
the emergency service, where an anti-retroviral therapy will be
started just in case.Medical careBlood lost by bleeding can be replaced
by blood transfusion. The human body also generates blood at a rate
of about 2 quarts per week.The practise of causing bleeding intentionally
to remove excess or "bad" blood from a person's body is
called bloodletting or phlebotomy.
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