Diagnostic specialties
Clinical laboratory sciences are the clinical diagnostic services
which apply laboratory techniques to diagnosis and management
of patients. In the United States these services are
supervised by a Pathologist. The personnel that work
in these medical laboratory departments are technically
trained staff, each of whom usually hold a medical technology
degree, who actually perform the tests, assays, and
procedures needed for providing the specific services.
Transfusion medicine is concerned with the transfusion
of blood and blood component, including the maintenance
of a "blood bank".
Cellular pathology is concerned with diagnosis using
samples from patients taken as tissues and cells using
histology and cytology.
Clinical chemistry is concerned with diagnosis by making
biochemical analysis of blood, body fluids and tissues.
Hematology is concerned with diagnosis by looking at
changes in the cellular composition of the blood and
bone marrow as well as the coagulation system in the
blood.
Clinical microbiology is concerned with the in vitro
diagnosis of diseases caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi,
and parasites.
Clinical immunology is concerned with disorders of the
immune system and related body defenses. It also deals
with diagnosis of allergy.
Radiology is concerned with imaging of the human body,
e.g. by x-rays, x-ray computed tomography, ultrasonography,
and nuclear magnetic resonance tomography.
Interventional radiology is concerned with using imaging
of the human body, usually from CT, ultrasound, or fluoroscopy,
to do biopsies, place certain tubes, and perform intravascular
procedures.
Nuclear Medicine uses radioactive substances for in
vivo and in vitro diagnosis using either imaging of
the location of radioactive substances placed into a
patient, or using in vitro diagnostic tests utilizing
radioactive substances.
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