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Famous ophthalmologists
Hermengildo Arruga (Spain)
Ignacio Barraquer (Spain) carried out the first intracapsular
lens extraction using enzymatic zonulolysis.
Ramon Castroviejo (Spain) pioneer in corneal transplantation
surgery.
Marie Fabry Colinet, wife of Wilhelm Fabry, employs
a magnet for removing a foreign body from the eye, 1627.
Florent Cunier (Belgium) founded the world's first ophthalmologic
journal, Annales d'Oculistique, 1838.
Jacques Daviel (Normandy) claimed to be the 'father'
of modern cataract surgery in that he performed intracapsular
extraction instead of needling the cataract or pushing
it back into the vitreous. It is said that he carried
out the technique on 206 patients in 1752-3, out of
which 182 were reported to be successful. These figures
are not very credible, given the total lack of both
anaesthesia and aseptic technique at that time.
Frans Cornelis Donders (Dutch) published pioneering
analyses of ocular biomechanics, intraocular pressure,
glaucoma, and physiological optics. Made possible the
prescribing of combinations of spherical and cylindrical
lenses to treat astigmatism.
Sir Stewart Duke-Elder (U.K.) Author of System of Ophthalmology,
an immensely influential mid-20th century multivolume
compendium of ophthalmic history, embryology, comparative
ophthalmology, refraction, ocular basic sciences, medical
ophthalmology and therapeutics, but avoiding discussion
of surgical techniques (which he viewed as ephemera).
Svyatoslav Fyodorov (Russia) - creator of radial keratotomy
Fred Hollows (New Zealand/Australia) pioneered programs
in Nepal, Eritrea, and Vietnam, and among Australian
aborigines, including the establishment of cheap laboratory
production of intraocular lenses in Nepal and Eritrea.
Sir Harold Ridley (U.K.) may have been the first to
successfully implant an artificial intraocular lens
1949, after observing that plastic fragments in the
eyes of wartime pilots were well tolerated. He fought
for decades against strong reactionary opinions to have
the concept accepted as feasible and useful.
Charles L. Schepens (Belgium), pioneer in retinal surgery,
developer of the Schepens indirect binocular ophthalmoscope,
founder of the Schepens Eye Research Institute.
Carl Ferdinand Ritter von Arlt, the elder (Austrian)
proved that myopia is largely due to an excessive axial
length, published influential textbooks on eye disease,
and ran annual eye clinics in needy areas long before
the concept of volunteer eye camps became popular. His
name is still attached to some disease signs, eg, von
Arlt's line in trachoma. His son Ferdinand Ritter von
Arlt, the younger, was also an ophthalmologist.
Albrecht von Graefe (Germany) Along with Helmholtz and
Donders, one of the 'founding fathers' of ophthalmology
as a specialty. A brilliant clinician and charismatic
teacher who had an international influence on the development
of ophthalmology. A pioneer in mapping visual field
defects and diagnosis and treatment of glaucoma. Introduced
a cataract extraction technique that remained the standard
for over 100 years, and many other important surgical
techniques such as iridectomy. Rationalised the use
of many ophthalmically important drugs, including mydriatics
& miotics. The founder of the one of the earliest
ophthalmic societies (German Ophthalmological Society,
1857) and one of the earliest ophthalmic journals (Graefe's
Archives of Ophthalmology). The most important ophthalmologist
of the 19th century.
Hermann von Helmholtz, great German polymath, invented
the ophthalmoscope (1851) and published important work
on physiological optics, including colour vision (1850s).
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