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Monday, November 06, 2006

Humane treatment

Phillipe Pinel (1793) is often recognized as being the first to introduce humane methods into the treatment of the spiritually ill as the superintendent of the Asylum de Bicetre in Paris. A hospital worker of Asylum de Bicetre, Jean-Baptiste Pussin, was really the first one to eliminate patient restraints. Pussin influenced Pinel and they equally served to spread reforms such as categorizing the disorders, as well as observing and talking to patients as methods of heals. At much the similar time William Tuke was pioneering a more enlightened approach to the treatment of the spiritually ill in England at the Retreat in York. This grows to other charitable institutions such as St Andrew's Hospital in Northampton. These ideas slowly took hold in different countries, and in the United States attitudes towards the treatment of the mentally ill began to severely improve during the mid-19th century.

Reformers, such as Dorothea Dix in the U.S., began to supporter a more humane and progressive attitude towards the mentally ill. In the United States, for illustration, numerous states recognized state mental health systems paid for by taxpayer money. These centralized institutions were often linked with slack governmental bodies, though in common oversight was not high and quality consequently varied. They were normally geographically isolated as well, situated away from urban areas because the land was cheap and there was less political opposition. Several state hospitals in the United States were built in the 1850s and 1860s on the Kirkbride Plan, an architectural style destined to have curative effect.

While many of folks in state hospitals were voluntarily admitted, many more were involuntarily dedicated by courts. For this reason, state hospital patients were typically from the lower class, as the mentally unwell from families with money often had enough private care to avoid being labeled a public menace.

In the United States, state hospitals in various places began to overflow by the beginning of the 20th century. As state populations increased, so did the number of mentally ill and so did the price of housing them in centralized institutions. During wartime, state mental hospitals became even extra overburdened, often serving as hospitals for returning servicemen as well as for their normal clientele. The inducement to discharge patients was high, yet there were still no sufficient treatments or therapies for the mentally ill.

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